Inheritance & super()

A child class inherits every attribute and method of its parent. Override what you want to change.

super()

Calls the parent's version of a method. Use it inside __init__ to delegate setup, and inside overridden methods to extend behavior.

When to use it

• "B is a kind of A" relationships — Puppy is a Dog
• Sharing logic across closely-related types

When NOT to

• Just to share helper code → use composition or a module function
• More than 2–3 levels deep → usually a smell

Try it

1. Add a Cat class with its own speak().
2. Build a Pet mixin that adds owner to any Animal subclass.